The idea behind this brief was inspired after a visit to this exhibition at the Bradford Media Museum, so I went back to get some photographs and write down some notes. I got some more websites to look at, and it also made me think more about what I am actually trying to achieve.
Opte Project - They created the above image of the web
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Before the internet
This section is about life before the internet... This wasn't that long ago but you can't imagine a world without it now.
Diaries before blogs ... Photo albums before online photo sharing
Sending letters before emails ... Telegrams before instant messages
Encyclopaedias before search engines
Record players before iTunes
Videos before youtube
Traditional games before online gaming
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How the internet was created
- ARPA scientists created the first ever computer network in the 1960's.
** ARPA was formed to prevent Russian enemies getting ahead of them technologically again, after Russian satellite launch of Sputnik **
- It was Joesph Lickliders ideas (a computer science researcher)
** ARPA was formed to prevent Russian enemies getting ahead of them technologically again, after Russian satellite launch of Sputnik **
- It was Joesph Lickliders ideas (a computer science researcher)
- The first message sent through the internet was LO (supposed to be LOGIN) at the University of California in 1969
- The distributed network is a reliable method of linking computers together as the data is split into small chunks called 'packets'. There is no central point of command so failure won't effect it.
- The internet gradually evolved - it wasn't made by one person.
- Key people involved:
Joesph Licklider
Paul Baran
Donald Davies
Larry Roberts
Leonard Kleinrock
Vint Cerf
Louis Pouzin
Jun Murai
- Larry Roberts made the first connection in 1965
- The Arpanet became the internet in 1970.
- Protocols allow computers to communicate across different networks
Why was the internet created?
- To make computers more efficient and communication networks robust.
- The period before was the cold war, a time of political unrest.
Life before
- Period of political unrest after the cold war
- Film in 1969 predicted impact of internet in the future on home life e.g. shopping, communications etc
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Emails
- The internet has changed how people stay in touch
- Before phones and smartphones people kept in touch by portable terminals, where messages get printed out [Texas silent 700 Data terminal, 1975]
- Email was the first time the internet was used socially.
- Ray Tomlinson created @ email in 1971
- Email groups lead to forums, and the social aspect of the internet expanded
- Email became available commercially in 1979, it was only originally meant for government and schools
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Bulletin Boards - The original social network
- Bulletin boards, inspired by cork pin boards, came about in 1978, designed by Ward Christensen
- They were the original social network
- Text only, so people made pictures from arranging text characters [ASCII]
|\_/| **************************** / @ @ \ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII_art ( > ยบ < ) `»»x««´ / O \
- As bulletin boards were uncensored, they allowed for the start of internet bullying with spamming and trolling
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Viruses
- The first virus was the creeper worm in 1971
- There are different types of viruses, with different intentions
- Worms, spyware, mass mailers, trojans, botnets
- There are different types of antivirus software
- There has been controversial internet use, such as piracy, trolling, illegal websites such as pirate bay and napster
- In the news at the moment there are stories of how people are being arrested because of what they say on twitter, online bullying leading to suicides, and also people not knowing who they are meeting up with
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Computers through history
- Early computers were originally complex calculators
- They were in the workplace (without internet) from the 1950's
- Mainframe computers before linked networks
- Timesharing paved way for internet
- There have been different types of modems and connections over time
- Different internet providers (such as virgin, bt, etc) and browsers
- Personal computing for homes began in the 1980's. The 'micro' computer was used for games and business (without internet)
- The zx80 home computer created a new market, as people didn't know they needed computers, but people can't live without them now
- In 2000 broadband internet became a part of daily lives, and is now always on and we can't live without it. Wifi means internet is available on phones, games etc.
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Gaming
- The internet becomes user friendly
- The first multiplayer online game is created by Richard Bartle in 1978. It is entirely in text and your commands interact with the environment
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Website Design
- Tim Berners-Lee created the world wide web
- The first popular web browser was Mosaic created by Marc Andreeseen
- Ted Nelson invented hypertext
- DNS is a domain name system, IP addresses become www. - like an internet phonebook
- How has web design changed?
- Started out text only with the navigation by keyboard
- Html and links are used
- Table based design and images appear
- Frames, animation, search facilities, databases
- Tableless design, downloads
- RSS feeds, blogs
- Videos, social media
- Websites viewed on iphones and ipads
- What is the future of web design?
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Dot Com Boom
- The internet became a part of our lives in the 90's, with millions online by 00's.
- The internet has more and more uses, with online businesses, blogs, social networks, file sharing and more
- There was a dot com boom in the 90's that lead to an economic boom but eventually businesses collapsed and millions were lost
- Businesses such as amazon (convenience store) ebay (marketplace) napster (music downloading - illegal) came to life
- Social networks started, trends come and go: bebop, myspace, Facebook, twitter, etc.
- Mark Zuckerberg famously created Facebook and even has a film, The Social Network, about him
- Jeff Bezos created Amazon in 1995
- Ebay was created by Pierre Omidayar
- Google was created by Sergey Brin and Larry Page in September 1998
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Net Culture
- People are viewing, sharing, liking, rating, commenting
- Mobile connectivity means images can be shared instantly, with apps such as Instagram
- Celebrities can be created, you can share music, your own creations, it is a way to promote yourself and gain fans. Make yourself famous
- Things become viral, crazes are born (such as ridiculously photogenic people, old spice ads, 'ain't nobody got time for that', dancing hamsters, funny cat videos, edited campaigns, things being shared like Kony 2012 video)
- News stories are broken and shared
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Search Engines
- These collect and arrange content into huge indexes since the 1990's
- Google is now accepted as the main verb to mean searching the web
- What we look at is recorded and can be used to enhance our future web experiences
- This is an ethical issue - privacy concerns
- You leave a trail of info behind you when you use the internet
- Personal details can be copied, stored, sold, stolen by others. (e.g. how Facebook controls the advertisements you see due to what you like)
- There are different domain endings, such as ac.uk, .gov, .com, .co.uk, .org, etc and ICANN organises these
- In China the internet is controlled and some websites are not allowed to be accessed
- The web has broken down social and geographical barriers, such as with Wikipedia (Created by Jimmy Wales - who says it is the digital brain of the web), where you can learn more about the world
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Modern technology
Some of examples of how technology has developed to where we are today.
- The internet is now used for computers, phones, games, kindle, ipads, tv boxes, digital radio etc.
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The future of the internet
- Examples of QR codes
- The internet is evolving fast, and new trends are always emerging
- What will be the next step?
